Category Archives: Endocrinology

cushing's syndrome is a rare disorder that is associated with many co-morbidities such as systemic hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, impaired immune function, and psychiatric disease, all of which severely reduce quality of life and life expectancy. this book reviews the role of cortisol in the human body, focusing on the effects of excess cortisol due to cushing's syndrome as well as the role of the hpa axis in metabolism, inflammation, and neuropsychiatric function. the volume will cover basic mechanistic data, clinical outcomes data, and novel therapies. also discussed are everything from abnormalities of the hpa axis, to the role of the hpa axis in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and metabolic disorders, to new definitions of cushing's remission and recurrence. the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in health and disease will provide a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary review of the pathophysiology and outcomes of excess cortisol in the human body and brain as well as the role of the hpa axis in other disease states.show more

this book provides comprehensive knowledge about thyroid gland and highlights the recent trends in the management of thyroid dysfunctions. thyroid disorders are amongst the most prevalent of medical conditions possibly after diabetes. the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adults in the general population ranges from 1 to 10 percent, and is even higher in selected groups. in the united kingdom, 1-2% of the adult population is found to have thyroid dysfunction. it is interesting to note that thyroxin is the sixth most commonly dispensed drug in scotland. virtually all studies report higher prevalence rates for hypothyroidism in women and with advancing age. abnormal thyroid functions have important public health consequences. suppressed tsh levels have been associated with decreased bone density and with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and premature atrial beat. it has been known for decades that overt hypothyroidism contributes to elevated serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk and recent studies suggest this may also be true with subclinical hypothyroidism.show more

this book demonstrates how the latest insights into the physiopathology of the stress response can be integrated into clinical practice. the topic is particularly relevant since the metabolic changes triggered by acute stress, including adaptive responses such as resistance to anabolic signals, have recently been more precisely delineated. the underlying mechanisms of these changes are also now better understood. the authors analyse how these advances could result in better management and more effective prevention of the long-term clinical consequences of the alterations occurring during the acute phase. an international panel of respected experts discusses these topics and describes the management of some common clinical conditions.show more

this book is the most current, comprehensive medical text focusing specifically on obesity and its related syndromes and diseases. this text takes the newest science and latest research about obesity and renders the information imminently readable and immediately useful to the medical practitioner charged with providing best practices health care for patients who are obese. in the process, this text scientifically clarifies obesity as a disease of epidemic proportions, debunks common myths about obesity, and challenges medicine's traditional and oftentimes limited view of obesity. more specifically, in obesity: the medical practitioner's essential guide you will find comprehensive, accurate, science-based information about the epidemiology, biology, genetics, psychology, discrimination and prejudice, causes, and effects of obesity, as well as the latest science about obesity's related syndromes and diseases.
in addition, this book provides the medical practitioner with specific best practices, including preferred methods of measurement, preferred methods of obesity screening, a system of graded interventions, a comprehensive description and analysis of various bariatric/surgical interventions, and a proposed population management strategy. this medical text focusing on obesity and its related syndromes and diseases is not only an invaluable reference source for current front line practitioners, but is an essential tool that can be used both domestically and internationally to educate all students in medical schools, nursing programs, physician assistant programs, doctor of osteopath programs, medical weight loss clinics, and any other health science programs.show more

this comprehensive subspecialty reference book on neuroendocrine tumor (net) pathology brings together the diagnostic and clinical expertise of an outstanding team of practicing neuroendocrine pathologists and oncologists. in addition to in-depth coverage of clinico-pathologic aspects of nets of the various organ systems, the recent histological grading and staging schemes proposed by the north american and european neuroendocrine tumor societies (nanets, enets), the world health organization (who) and the american joint committee on cancer (ajcc), this book also focuses on the recent molecular and therapeutic advances in the field of net pathology and oncology. neuroendocrine tumors: review of pathology, molecular and therapeutic advances will be an essential reference book for anatomic pathology (histopathology) residents, fellows, surgical pathologists, researchers, oncologists, surgeons and other medical professionals practicing advanced net pathology and oncology in academia, community, private practice and research settings.show more

the aim of this book is to review the latest findings on musculoskeletal disease associated with diabetes. it has been increasingly recognized that maintaining skeletal health is an important factor in achieving longevity in healthy subjects. diabetes has been established as a disease independently associated with sarcopenia and increased risk of bone fracture resulting from osteoporosis; therefore, it is reasonable to maintain that musculoskeletal health is important in preserving good health. as either bone or muscle is intimately involved in the regulation of metabolic status, keeping the musculoskeletal system healthy is important for improving abnormal glucose metabolism toward normal levels and is vital, as well, for maintaining normal activities of daily living. muscle is a target of insulin for enhancing the entry of glucose; thus it is conceivable that sarcopenia and muscle containing fat streaks causes insulin resistance in diabetic patients. furthermore, bone is an organ that regulates ca and pi levels in serum by releasing or resorbing ca and pi to and from bone tissue.
it is now known that bone is a definitive endocrine organ for regulating glucose metabolism and pi metabolism by secreting osteocalcin and fgf-23 from osteocytes/osteoblasts. readers will learn of the recent findings in this area, and this book will benefit physicians who deal with diabetes, particularly orthopedists and bone specialists, as well as all physical therapists.show more

this comprehensive reference work edited by one of the leading authorities on obesity presents an up-to-date survey of the current scientific understanding of the metabolic syndrome, as well as an overview of the most significant changes to the field over the past 30 years. this volume is a thorough reference for obesity and the metabolic syndrome and will prove an indispensable resource for clinicians and researchers at levels worldwide. the obesity epidemic has generated immense interest in recent years due to the wide-ranging and significant adverse health and economic consequences that surround the problem. much attention has been focused on behaviors that lead to obesity, in particular to over consumption of energy-dense food and to sedentary lifestyle. however, obesity is an extremely complex condition with poorly defined pathogenesis. in addition, when combined with other comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, obesity often leads to a patient diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, a very troubling condition that has grown, and is continuing to grow, rapidly each year in prevalence worldwide.
metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions – increased blood pressure, a high blood sugar level, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels – that occur together, increasing one's risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. this resource covers the full range of scientific and clinical aspects: epidemiology, genetics, environmental factors, pathophysiology, diseases associated with obesity, and clinical management.show more

this timely volume provides an overview to the causes, effects on systems and clinical approaches of metabolic acidosis. beginning with a basic understanding of the physiology, pathophysiology and development of this disease, subsequent chapters cover the characteristics and context of the processes that can cause it and a thorough presentation of management strategies. recommended treatments include those carried out by the health care provider as well as the individual patient, such as dietary management. clinicians and healthcare professionals will find the tools needed to recognize, work up and manage patients with metabolic acidosis in this practical and concise resource.show more

integrating care across disciplines and organisations around the needs of the person with diabetes has been proposed as an approach that could improve care while reducing cost- but has it and can it integrated diabetes care- a multidisciplinary approach collates evidence of worldwide approaches to both horizontal integration (across disciplines) and vertical integration (across organizations) in diabetes care and describe what was done, what worked and what appeared to be the barriers to achieving the goals of the programmes. evidence is sought from groups who have developed different approaches to integrating diabetes care in different health systems (eg insurance vs tax payer funded, single vs multiple organization, published vs unpublished). a final chapter brings the evidence together for a final discussion about what seems to work and what does not.show more

this book focuses on clinical presentations that may be caused by inherited metabolic diseases. its symptom- and system-based approach will help clinicians with and without detailed knowledge of human biochemistry in all specialties to reach a correct diagnosis and institute the optimal treatment program. the book summarizes the central elements of inherited metabolic diseases and describes clearly how to carry out an efficient yet complete diagnostic work-up, thereby guiding the clinician from the presenting symptoms and signs through to effective initial management. after an introduction to the different disorders, the book explains when to consider an inborn metabolic error and which initial tests to order. core aspects such as structured communication, guidelines, transition, pregnancy, maternal care and how to respond to various medical emergencies are covered. therapeutic concepts such as dietary treatment are delineated and practical advice provided on the quite different treatment approaches required for individual diseases. an extensive section structured according to organ systems outlines the correct approach in the context of specific symptoms and signs.
the value of each of the potential investigations is explained, with precise advice on the interpretation of results. the inclusion of algorithms, tables, lists, and charts facilitates rapid decision making and information retrieval, and the appendices include a helpful guide to differential diagnosis based on clinical and biochemical phenotypes. this new updated edition of inherited metabolic diseases will be an invaluable aid for the busy clinician and an excellent quick reference for metabolic and genetic specialists.show more

this work is recognised as the standard textbook for professionals involved in the diagnosis and management of inborn errors of metabolism (iem) and an essential resource in this multidisciplinary field. for the 6th edition all 43 chapters have been newly written or revised by authors with particular expertise in their subject areas. contents: a clinical and biochemical approach to the recognition and diagnosis of iem with algorithms to symptoms, signs, and syndromes in patients of all ages; emergency treatments; medications – separate comprehensive sections on iem of: carbohydrates; mitochondrial energy; amino and organic acids; vitamin-responsive defects; neurotransmitter and small peptides, lipid and bile acids; nucleic acid and heme; organelles – disorders affecting the synthesis and remodelling of complex lipids and fatty acid homeostasis are now included.show more

providing the most current information on the function of human growth hormone (gh) and the consequences of its deficiency, this practical yet comprehensive text is divided into three sections. part one describes the mechanisms of gh secretion and action, including the physiology of gh and its regulation by sex steroids and thyroid hormones, the effects of both under nutrition and obesity on gh secretion, and the metabolic effects of human recombinant gh therapy. the second section covers diagnostic strategies and tests for gh deficiency in both children and adults, including mri of the pituitary. the final section describes the different etiologies of gh deficiency, from molecular mechanisms and gene abnormalities to cranial radiation and traumatic brain injury, along with syndromes related to this deficiency. presenting underlying mechanisms and pathologies, as well as diagnostic methods, growth hormone deficiency will provide the most up-to-date essential information and evidence on this condition for the clinical endocrinologist.show more

adopting a truly global perspective and a practical approach to diabetes-including pathophysiology, genetics, regional peculiarities, management, prevention and best practices-this book is an excellent resource for clinicians and policy-makers working with patients in more austere settings. the global prevalence of diabetes is estimated to increase from 422 million in 2014 to 592 million in 2035. sadly, low- and middle-economy countries are projected to experience the steepest increase, but even in developed economies, vulnerable demographic subgroups manifest disparities in diabetes prevalence, quality of care, and outcomes. this book extends coverage to those underserved and minority communities in the developed world. in a consistent chapter format, it discusses classification, pathophysiology, genomics, diagnosis, prevention and management of diabetes in economically challenged regions as well as underserved populations in affluent nations. suggestions regarding future directions in the organization of diabetes care delivery, prevention and research priorities are also provided.
the detailed identification of barriers to optimal care and the practical approach to the management and prevention of diabetes make diabetes mellitus in developing countries and underserved communities a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers and health policy leaders.show more

now in a revised and expanded second edition, this comprehensive clinical guide remains a state-of-the-art synthesis of the literature, covering all aspects of treating erectile dysfunction (ed) and other related male sexual dysfunctions. cardiovascular, hormonal, psychological and lifestyle factors are each considered in diagnosis and treatment, which includes pharmacological, surgical and prosthetic management strategies. the effects of prostate cancer and its treatment are also discussed, as are peyronie's disease, priapism and ejaculatory disorders. new chapters in this edition discuss the profound effects of lifestyle change on sexual function, alternative and internet drugs that affect sexual function, endovascular approaches to ed, penile length considerations, the effect of radiation on erectile function, and optimizing ed research.
presenting a better understanding of what causes erectile dysfunction and the effective medications and non-medication treatments used to treat the condition, this invaluable title offers all physicians, residents, and fellows – and even medical students and other health professionals such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants – an essential reference for enhancing diagnosis and treatment of this common and debilitating disorder.show more

these guidelines make recommendations regarding the management of individuals with a body mass index greater than 25.0 kg/m2 and cover all age groups, from children to the elderly, as well as various patient subsets. a range of measures to yield health benefits are set out, including healthy eating plans, increased physical activity, and behavioral modifications to help patients to manage obesity. in addition, recommendations are made on the use of bariatric surgery and the new antiobesity drugs. throughout the process of developing the recommendations, every attempt was made to ensure use of a rigorous, evidence-based approach. the guidelines are promoted by the italian society of obesity (sio) and were formulated in compliance with a prespecified process overseen by a steering committee. they are intended for use by a wide range of clinicians, including general practitioners, primary health care nurses, and primary health care professionals, and will hopefully prove of value in combating the obesity epidemic not only in italy but across europe and elsewhere in the world.show more